WSR-88D Z/R Relationship Table | |||||||
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This table shows WSR-88D Z/R relationships for sites used in the North Central River Forecast Center Multisensor Precipitation radar mosaic. A Z/R relationship is an empirical formula used to estimate rainfall rates from reflectivity signal strength. Parameters that can be varied at each radar site are shown in red. Max Precip Rate is an adjustable parameter which limits overestimation from hail contamination, ground clutter, etc. The Bias Correction Factor shows three elements: the duration (in hours) used to calculate the bias, the bias (in red), and the number of non-zero gage/radar pairs used to calculate the bias for that duration. Most stratiform rain has a reflectivity signal strength of 20-40dBZ with peaks to 45dBZ, but rarely anything higher (that isn't "brightbanding"). For more information, authorization, instructions, and recommendations regarding Z/R relationships, see the Radar Operations Center's page. | |||||||
| Radar Site | Radar Id | WFO Id | Time Reported (UTC) | Z/R Formula | Max Precip Rate(in/hr) | Z/R Type | Bias Correction Factor |
| Aberdeen, SD | ABR | ABR | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 10-hr:0.74 #51 Over-estimation |
| Bethune, SK | XBE | WWG | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 2160-hr:2.78 #40 Under-estimation |
| Bismarck, ND | BIS | BIS | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=130R2 | 4.09 | Cool Season (East) Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.33 #29 Under-estimation |
| Britt, ON | WBI | WTO | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 0-hr:1.00 #0 No Bias |
| Chicago, IL | LOT | LOT | 08 May 2008 13:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 3.44 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 2-hr:1.23 #30 Under-estimation |
| Des Moines, IA | DMX | DMX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 5.91 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 2-hr:0.81 #26 Over-estimation |
| Detroit, MI | DTX | DTX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.53 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.28 #163 Under-estimation |
| Dryden, ON | XDR | WTO | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:2.29 #44 Under-estimation |
| Duluth, MN | DLH | DLH | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.34 #616 Under-estimation |
| Exeter, ON | WSO | WTO | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.80 #56 Under-estimation |
| Foxwarren, MB | XFW | WWG | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 2160-hr:1.76 #43 Under-estimation |
| Gaylord/NC Lwr MI | APX | APX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.10 #162 Under-estimation |
| Grand Rapids, MI | GRR | GRR | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.23 #288 Under-estimation |
| Green Bay, WI | GRB | GRB | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.04 #486 No Bias |
| Indianapolis, IN | IND | IND | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.92 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 10-hr:1.05 #30 No Bias |
| La Crosse, WI | ARX | ARX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 3.00 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:0.72 #1167 Over-estimation |
| Lasseteer Lake, ON | XNI | WTO | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:3.58 #53 Under-estimation |
| Lincoln/Ctl Illinois | ILX | ILX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 10-hr:1.00 #54 No Bias |
| Marquette, MI | MQT | MQT | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.25 #305 Under-estimation |
| Mayville/Grand Forks | MVX | FGF | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=130R2 | 4.09 | Cool Season (East) Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:0.73 #212 Over-estimation |
| Milwaukee, WI | MKX | MKX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 3.94 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.07 #573 Under-estimation |
| Minneapolis, MN | MPX | MPX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 2.78 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:1.08 #923 Under-estimation |
| Minot AFB, ND | MBX | BIS | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=130R2 | 4.09 | Cool Season (East) Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:0.70 #47 Over-estimation |
| Montreal River, ON | WGJ | WTO | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.82 #54 Under-estimation |
| North Webster/Nrn IN | IWX | IWX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.10 #474 Under-estimation |
| Omaha/Valley, NE | OAX | OAX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 2-hr:0.99 #20 No Bias |
| Owensville, IN | VWX | PAH | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 10-hr:1.23 #43 Under-estimation |
| Paducah, KY | PAH | PAH | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 10-hr:0.98 #37 No Bias |
| Pleasant Hill, MO | EAX | EAX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 1-hr:0.78 #23 Over-estimation |
| Quad Cities, IA/IL | DVN | DVN | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 168-hr:0.69 #1159 Over-estimation |
| Sioux Falls, SD | FSD | FSD | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 3-hr:0.92 #24 Over-estimation |
| Springfield, MO | SGF | SGF | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 5-hr:1.18 #27 Under-estimation |
| St. Louis, MO | LSX | LSX | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=300R1.4 | 4.09 | Summer Deep Convection Z/R | 5-hr:0.56 #26 Over-estimation |
| Woodlands, MB | XWL | WWG | 09 May 2008 14:00 | Z=200R1.6 | 4.09 | Marshall/Palmer Stratiform Z/R | 168-hr:1.47 #36 Under-estimation |